Distances Based on the Perimeter of the Risk Set of a Testing Problem

نویسنده

  • Ferdinand Österreicher
چکیده

At the core of this paper is a simple geometric object, namely the risk set of a statistical testing problem on the one hand and f -divergences, which were introduced by Csiszár (1963) on the other hand. f -divergences are measures for the hardness of a testing problem depending on a convex real valued function f on the interval [0,∞). The choice of this parameter f can be adjusted so as to match the needs for specific applications. One of these adjustments of the parameter f is exemplified in Section 3 of this paper. There it is illustrated that the appropriate choice of f for the construction of least favourable distributions in robust statistics is the convex function f(u) = √ 1 + u2− (1+u)/ √ 2 yielding the perimeter of the risk set of a testing problem. After presenting the definition, mentioning the basic properties of a risk set and giving the integral geometric representation of f -divergences the paper will focus on the perimeter of the risk set. All members of the class of f -divergences of perimeter-type introduced and investigated in Österreicher and Vajda (2003) and Vajda (2009) turn out to be metric divergences corresponding to a class of entropies introduced by Arimoto (1971). Without essential loss of insight we restrict ourselves to discrete probability distributions and note that the extension to the general case relies strongly on the Lebesgue-Radon-Nikodym Theorem. Zusammenfassung: Den Kern dieses Artikels bilden einerseits ein einfaches geometrisches Objekt, nämlich die Risikomenge eines statistischen Testproblems, und andererseits die von Csiszár (1963) eingeführten f -Divergenzen. Letztere sind Größen, welche die Schwierigkeit eines Testproblems messen und die durch eine konvexe reellwertige Funktion f auf dem Intervall [0,∞) parametrisiert sind. Die Wahl des Parameters f kann den Bedürfnissen spezifischer Anwendungen angepasst werden. Eine von diesen Anpassungen des Parameters f wird in Abschnitt 3 dieses Artikels beschrieben. In diesem wird nämlich illustriert, dass es für die Konstruktion von ungünstigsten Verteilungen in der robusten Statistik zweckmäßig ist, als Parameter die konvexe Funktion f(u) = √ 1 + u2 − (1 + u)/ √ 2 zu wählen, welche den Umfang der Risikomenge des Testproblems liefert. 1Dedicated to the Memory of Igor Vajda (1942-2010) 4 Austrian Journal of Statistics, Vol. 42 (2013), No. 1, 3–19 Nachdem Definition und grundlegende Eigenschaften der Risikomenge eines Testproblems gegeben und die integralgeometrische Darstellung von f -Divergenzen präsentiert werden, konzentriert sich der vorliegende Artikel auf den Umfang der Risikomenge. Alle Elemente der Klasse von f -Divergenzen vom Umfangstyp, welche in den Arbeiten von Österreicher and Vajda (2003) und Vajda (2009) eingeführt und untersucht werden, stellen sich als metrische Divergenzen heraus, die einer von Arimoto (1971) eingeführten Familie von Entropien entsprechen. Ohne Verlust von Einsicht beschränken wir uns hier auf diskrete Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen und merken an, dass die Fortsetzung auf den allgemeinen Fall auf dem Satz von Lebesque-Radon-Nikodym beruht.

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تاریخ انتشار 2013